Women's Metabolic Health Foundation of India

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Metabolic Syndrome

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Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In India, the prevalence is rising rapidly, particularly in urban areas.

Prevalence in Indian Women:

  • 38% of middle-aged women in urban Mumbai have metabolic syndrome
  • Central obesity is a critical determinant:*79.7% of women with high waist circumference meet metabolic syndrome criteria
  • 55% of women with metabolic syndrome are over age 60

Components of Metabolic Syndrome:

  • Central obesity (waist circumference ≥88 cm for women)
  • Elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL)
  • Low HDL cholesterol (<50 mg/dL for women)
  • Elevated blood pressure (≥130/85 mm Hg)
  • Elevated fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL)

Reproductive Risk Factors:

Emerging research identifies key reproductive characteristics associated with higher metabolic risk:

  • Early menarche (<13 years)
  • Early age at first birth (<20 years)
  • Natural or surgical menopause
  • Higher parity
  • Pregnancy loss

Women with these characteristics show higher odds of developing overweight, hypertension, and glucose dysregulation clusters.